Folclore francês

Na idade Média

Literatura Occitana - eram canções, poesia e literatura em Occitan no que hoje é o sul da França que se originou na poesia dos séculos 11 e 12 e inspirou a literatura vernacular em toda a Europa medieval. Essas músicas gravadas primitivas, poesia e seu maior desenvolvimento no século XII e incluem as músicas bem conhecidas dos trovadores:

Canções dos trovadores

Songs of the Troubadour - The songs, poetry and narratives of the troubadours, who were composers and performers during the High Middle Ages, flourished during the 11th century and spread throughout Europe from Southern France. Their songs dealt mainly with themes of chivalry and courtly love. Several established categories of poetry and song were:Canso or canson were songs concerning courtly love.Sirventes songs covered war, politics, morality, satire, humor, and topics outside of love.Tenso and Partiment is a dialog or debate between poetsPlanh is a lament on a death.Pastorela is a song trying to win the affections and love of a shepherdess.Alba is complaint of lovers upon parting.

Canções do truevère

As canções do Trouvère são músicas e poesia que surgiram de poetas-compositores com o fato de os problemas e influenciarem os trovadores, mas que compôs suas obras nos dialetos do norte da França.

Narrativas épicas

Uma segunda forma de lenda na França durante a Idade Média foi a poesia épica, parcialmente histórica e parcialmente lenda com temas que cobrem a formação da França, guerra, reinado e batalhas importantes. Esse gênero era conhecido como Chansons de Geste, que é antigo francês para "canções de ações heróicas". Também é chamado de épicos da "questão da França":

Matter of FranceChanson de geste: Matter of France was part history and part legendary heroic epic tales of Charlemagne and the history and founding of France by the Franks. Some of the legendary and notable topics were:Charlemagne, the mythological kingBattle of Roncevaux PassBayard - the legendary horseDurandal - a magical swordSong of Roland (in French: Chanson de Roland)Describes Roland - the chief paladin of CharlemagneHuon of Bordeaux written circa 1215-1240Includes very early descriptions of: Morgan le Fay, and son OberonRenaud de Montauban - epic hero

Fábulas de animais, épicos simulados

Outro meio folclórico na Idade Média foram fábulas, épicos simulados e contos populares, principalmente:

Reynard Le Roman de Renart (circa 1175) by Perrout de Saint Cloude, a mock epic, the first known appearance of the following animals:Reynard the fox in literature and folklore, an anthropomorphic fables of a fox, tricksterBruin the BearBaldwin the AssTibert (Tybalt) the CatHirsent the She-wolf

Contos satíricos de Rabelais

François Rabelais, 1494-1553, escreveu:

Gargantua and Pantagruel - the story of two giants

Contos de fadas

Os contos de fadas franceses são particularmente conhecidos por suas variantes literárias e não por pessoas orais. Perrault derivou quase todos os seus contos de fontes folclóricas, mas as reescreva para o público da classe alta, removendo elementos rústicos. Os précieuses os reescrevem ainda mais extensivamente por seus próprios interesses. A coleção de contos folclóricos, como tal, começou apenas por volta de 1860, mas foi proveitosa nas próximas décadas.

Contos de fadas de Perrault

Charles Perrault (1628-1703) coletou contos:

BluebeardCinderella (in 1697)Diamonds and ToadsDonkey SkinLittle Red Riding Hood (Le Petit Chaperon Rouge in 1697)Mother Goose Tales (Contes de ma mère l'Oye in 1695)Puss in Boots (in 1697)

Contos de fadas de d'Aulnoy

Marie Catherine d'Aulnoy, 1650/1-1705, Coletted Tales:

From Fairy Tales (Les Contes des Fees) (1697)BabioleCunning Cinders (Finette Cendron)Graciosa and Percinet (Gracieuse et Percinet)Princess Mayblossom (La Princesse Printaniere)Princess Rosette (La Princesse Rosette)The Bee and the Orange Tree (L'Oranger et l'Abeille)The Benevolent Frog or The Frog and the Lion Fairy (La Grenouille bienfaisante)The Blue Bird (L'Oiseau bleu)The DolphinThe Fortunate One or Felicia and the Pot of Pinks (Fortunée)The Imp Prince (Le Prince Lutin)The Little Good Mouse (La bonne petite souris)The Ram or The Wonderful Sheep (Le Mouton )The Story of Pretty Goldilocks or The Beauty with Golden Hair (La Belle aux cheveux d'or)The Yellow Dwarf (Le Nain jaune)The White Doe or The Doe in the Woods (La Biche au bois)From ''New Tales, or Fairies in Fashion (Contes Nouveaux ou Les Fees a la Mode) (1698)Belle-Belle (Belle-Belle ou Le Chevalier Fortuné)Green Serpent (Serpentin vert)Puddocky or The White Cat (La Chatte Blanche)The Golden Branch (Le Rameau d'Or)The Pigeon and the Dove (Le Pigeon et la Colombe)Prince Marcassin (Le Prince Marcassin)Princess Belle-Etoile (La Princesse Belle-Étoile)

Contos de fadas de Souvestre

Émile Souvestre (1806-1854) Contos coletados:

The Groac'h of the Isle of Lok

Outros contos de fadas

Beauty and the Beast - first published version by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve, 1740.The Enchanted Apple TreeThe Goblin Pony - translated in Grey Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1900.Quackling or Drakestail (Bout-d’-Canard) - original in Affenschwanz et Cetera, by Charles Marelle 1888, translated in Red Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1890.[1]The Wizard King - original in Les Fees Illustres, translated in Yellow Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1894.

Lendas das pessoas

Lancelot-Grail (Prose Lancelot)The Account of Nicolas Flamel

Criaturas lendárias

Beast of GévaudanBrownie of the LakeCheval Gauvin (horse)Cheval Mallet - A fabulous and evil horse that appears at night and tempts exhausted travelers into riding it, only to take off with the rider never to be seen again.DahuDames Blanches, type of female spiritEuropean dragonFae - aka Fae, Fée, the origin of the word FairyGap of Goeblin - is a "goblin hole", the legend that surrounds a hole and tunnel in Mortain, France.Gargouille - A legendary dragonGargoyle - A beastGoblinsLutins - A type of hobgoblinMatagot - A spirit in the form of an animal, usually a catMelusine - A feminine spirit of fresh watersMorgan le Fay (Morgue le Faye) - In the early Legends of Charlemagne, she is most famous for her association with Ogier the Dane, whom she takes to her mystical island palace to be her lover. In Huon de Bordeaux, Morgan le Fay and Julius Caesar are the parents of Oberon.Oberon - King of the Fairies. In the early Legends of Charlemagne, Huon de Bordeaux he is the son of Morgan le Faye and Julius Caesar.Reynard - A trickster fox. See also Animal fables, mock epics.Tarasque - A legendary dragonWerewolfWoodwose (aka Homme Sauvage,, Wadwasa and Wild Man)

Outro folclore

Bear gamesLa Femme Aux SerpentsFolletFeulatesKing UrsusMarianne - a national emblem of FranceRayarcusRogeroLes Tribulations de l’Ours MartinWild Hunt

Veja também

French mythology

Bibliografia

Bonner, Anthony, ed. Songs of the Troubadours. New York: Schocken Books, 1972.Legends and Romances of Brittany by Lewis Spence 1917French Folk Tales (en)Wikimedia Commons has media related to Folklore of France.