Visão geral
O projeto de Peixes foi iniciado pelo Departamento de Estado, Programa de Interdição Terrorista (TIP) em 1997, inicialmente como um sistema para os países para melhorar seus recursos de lista de observação, fornecendo um sistema de computador mainframe para facilitar o processamento de imigração em meia dúzia de países. As autoridades estrangeiras usaram a tecnologia para listar informações e trocar informações com o Departamento de Estado dos Estados Unidos sobre suspeitos de terroristas que aparecem em suas fronteiras. As informações são usadas para rastrear e prender terroristas individuais, não para uma análise abrangente de métodos de viagem terrorista ", de acordo com relatórios do governo dos EUA. Combina os passageiros de entrada para os Estados Unidos contra imagens faciais, impressões digitais e informações biográficas em aeroportos em alta -Risk países. Uma rede de dados de alta velocidade permite que as autoridades dos EUA sejam informadas de problemas com os passageiros de entrada.
As estações de trabalho de Peixes instaladas em um país estão ligadas pela Wide Area Network à imigração, polícia ou sede da Inteligência do país participante. A sede é fornecida com a capacidade automatizada de monitorar as atividades nos pontos de imigração, avaliar as informações do viajante e conduzir a análise de dados em tempo real.
Atualmente, o projeto de Peixes se enquadra no Programa de Interdição Terrorista (TIP), um programa em andamento do Departamento de Estado dos Estados Unidos. A TIP fornece todo o software e hardware necessários (principalmente comerciais e prontos para uso, como câmeras e scanners de passaporte), instalação completa, treinamento do operador e sustentação do sistema. Além disso, a TIP auxilia na melhoria do processo de negócios de imigração nos portos de entrada escolhidos para instalação de peixes.
Para o ano fiscal de 2007, os fundos serão usados para suportar aprimoramentos no software do sistema de listagem de relógios existentes, a fim de fornecer uma capacidade fraudulenta de detecção de documentos, um recurso de pesquisa de biometria e maior eficácia de busca de nomes.
A partir do ano fiscal de 2010 e para o ano fiscal de 2011, o financiamento de Peixes aumentará no que o Departamento de Estado dos Estados Unidos considera países de "alto risco" como Afeganistão, Iraque e Paquistão. Um projeto para verificar os vistos nos EUA via acesso limitado a um banco de dados do governo dos EUA será julgado em postos avançados selecionados.
Controvérsia
Eficácia
Embora Peixes estivesse operacional nos meses anteriores a 11 de setembro de 2001, aparentemente não conseguiu detectar nenhum dos terroristas envolvidos no ataque.
De acordo com o Departamento de Estado dos EUA,
TIP provided photos and travel history to Pakistan of three of the four July 7, 2005 London Metro bombers.Within one week of TIP's introduction, a ring of human traffickers were identified at Chiang Mai, Thailand.Hundreds of travelers have been interdicted in Pakistan on suspicion of using stolen passports."... in terms of linking it to specific arrests, nothing that I have -- nothing that I'm aware of."
Manuseio de dados
INTERPOL: "... TIP will also assist the upgrading of INTERPOL's communications system to transmit fingerprints, photos and other graphics on a near-real time basis to and from a participating country’s INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB). INTERPOL data can then be imported into PISCES to expand the pool of suspects."
Implantação
Em 2003: "Atualmente, está sendo implantado em cinco países e está programado para implantação em mais 12 países neste ano civil. As prisões e detenções ocorreram em todos os cinco países onde o sistema foi implantado".
Em 2005: "Desde 2001, vinte nações receberam essa capacidade"
Esperado 2011: 31
Atualmente implantado
MaldivesPISCES was deployed in Maldives at 0000hrs on 20 August 2013, replacing the border control system developed and installed by NexBiz of Malaysia.IraqFY 2007 NADR/Terrorist Interdiction Program funding is requested to support efforts to disrupt the travel of terrorists into Iraq by increasing the number of Iraqi ports of entry equipped with and capable of effectively operating the program's PISCES watchlisting system.PakistanFY 2002 PISCES system has been installed at seven major airports of the country i.e. Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Multan and Faisalabad airports. The system has provision to accommodate information on suspects from all law enforcement agencies like Immigration, Police, Narcotics Control, Anti-smuggling, and Intelligence Services.Malta Inaugurated 2004-05-05 by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Justice and Home Affairs Dr Tonio Borg and United States Ambassador Anthony H. Gioia. PISCES is being provided by the United States at no cost to Malta, and assistance will include installation of the system, training of immigration officials on use of PISCES, and maintenance of the system. The overall U.S. assistance to Malta for this program is valued at approximately $US 1.5 million, nearly Lm700,000.ThailandMarch 2004, during his visit to Thailand, Secretary Ridge and I witnessed the signing of the Memorandum of Intent for Provision of a Terrorist Interdiction Program Border Control System. Under this Memorandum, the Personal Identification Secure Comparison and Evaluation System, known in short as PISCES, could be used to screen people passing through Thailand's ports of entry, so that we may be able to detect suspected terrorists.In FY 2007, NADR/TIP funds will be used to expand operation of the program's watchlisting computer system to additional ports of entry and provide for system software upgrades as they become available.Bangladeshmemorandum of understanding signed in May 2004, renewable agreement would be valid for five years. Relevant portions of PISCES will immediately become operational at the capital's Shahjalal International Airport and later expand to cover all land, sea and airports.TanzaniaThe State Department's counterterrorism bureau is funding the "PISCES" (Personal Identification Secure Comparison System) program to improve interdiction capabilities at major border crossings. While the program targets terrorist activities, it has implications for narcotics and other smuggling as well.CambodiaFY 2007 NADR Terrorist Interdiction Program (NADR/TIP) funds will be used to sustain a computerized system for collecting, comparing and analyzing traveler data to identify possible terrorists, and provide for software upgrades to the system as they become available.PhilippinesIn FY 2007, NADR/TIP funds will be used to expand operation of the program's watchlisting computer system to additional ports of entry in the Republic of the Philippines, and provide for system software upgrades as they become available.KosovoFY 2009 NADR Terrorism Interdiction Program funding will sustain existing program operations and provide for software upgrades to program equipment.MacedoniaFY 2007 NADR Terrorism Interdiction Program funding will sustain existing program operations and provide for software upgrades to program equipment.Cote d'IvoireFY 2009 NADR Terrorism Interdiction Program funding will sustain existing program operations and provide for software upgrades to program equipment. "The Ivoirian Ministry of Interior, in cooperation with the United States, uses PISCES to enhance border security at its major airport and seaport.": On August 6, 2009 Ivoirian authorities detained Imam Abd al Menhem Qubaysi, a Hizballah spiritual leader and U.S. designated terrorist financier, at the airport upon his arrival on a commercial flight from Lebanon. Qubaysi, who lived in Côte d'Ivoire for a number of years, was denied entry at immigration and returned to Lebanon on the same flight through the use of PISCES.Bosnia and Herzegovina
Em 27 de março de 2018, o país e o governo dos EUA assinaram um memorando de intenção sobre a doação de um sistema para comparação e avaliação segura de identificação pessoal (Peixes). Em cooperação com o Conselho de Ministros da Bósnia, o governo dos EUA pretende instalar e manter todo o hardware e o software necessários para o sistema de Peixes operar - começando com o Aeroporto Internacional Sarajevo e depois se expandindo para outros aeroportos e travessias de fronteira no país.
Implantação futura esperada
Algeria. In FY 2007, NADR/Terrorism Interdiction Program (TIP) assistance is requested to implement new program operations and equipment that Algeria will use in support of the ongoing Global War on Terrorism.Morocco. In FY 2007, NADR/Terrorism Interdiction Program (TIP) assistance is requested to implement new program operations and equipment that Morocco will use in support of the ongoing Global War on Terrorism.Tunisia. NADR/Terrorist Interdiction Program (TIP) funds are requested to launch program operations and provide necessary equipment.Yemen. NADR/Terrorism Interdiction Program (TIP) assistance is requested to implement new and increased program operations and provide equipment that Yemen will use in support of the ongoing Global War on Terrorism.Afghanistan PISCES Program started in Afghanistan on 2002 from Kabul International Airport and successfully expanded into 12 other POEs.Kenya Since mid-2003, the Terrorist Interdiction Program computer system has been operational at select airports; scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007Tanzania Since mid-2003, the Terrorist Interdiction Program computer system has been operational at select airports; scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007Ethiopia Since mid-2003, the Terrorist Interdiction Program computer system has been operational at select airports; scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007
Antiga implantação
Azerbaijan: Part of Canadian Bank Note Company ID card and passport-issuing and inspection system in Azerbaijan was a border control system that replaced the State Departments's Pisces system in Azerbaijan. No TIP-funding FY 2007.Nicaragua In 2003, post began the deployment of a new immigration computer system called PISCES. The contractor made the original equipment installations, but was unable to follow through with making the system operational due to the greater demand to bring the system on line in the Middle East. PISCES should be operational in 2005. The contractor will provide training to Nicaraguan Immigration personnel. No TIP-funding FY 2007
Pouco claro
Ghana, Senegal, Zambia and Georgia were scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007.Djibouti is expected to be operational this year (2004); scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007Uganda is expected to be operational this year (2004); scheduled for NADR-TIP funding in FY 2007
Veja também
Booz Allen Hamilton