Vineta

Mito

Existem vários mitos de Vineta, todos tendo em comum um modo de vida excessivo, voluptuoso ou blasfêmico dos vinetanos que foram então punidos por uma inundação que levou a cidade ao fundo do Báltico. Em algumas variantes do mito, a cidade ou partes dele reaparecem em certos dias ou podem ser vistas de um barco, tornando o aviso transportado pelo mito mais tangível para o público.

Fontes primárias

About 965, Ibrahim ibn Jaqub wrote in Arabic letters about this city. The transcription might be Weltaba, which corresponds to modern Polish "Wełtawa" meaning roughly a place among waves.1075/80, Adam of Bremen wrote about an emporium on an island in the Oder estuary, east of his Diocese, where Slavs, Barbarians and Greeks were supposed to live and Saxon merchants stayed for trade. Harald Bluetooth had once found refuge there. The oldest preserved manuscript, from the 11th century, has the spelling vimne or uimne, and the second oldest manuscript, from around 1200, has uimne and iumne or jumne (there is no distinction between v and u or i and j in the written Latin of that time). More recent copies of the manuscript primarily use Jumne; in an early modern print the name is spelled Julinum and Juminem.Between 1140 and 1159, three vitae of Otto of Bamberg were written using the name Julin for the medieval place located at the site of the later town of Wolin.1163/1168, Helmold of Bosau copied almost word for word the respective sentences written by Adam of Bremen. The oldest preserved handwriting of Helmolds chronicle (ca. 1300) has the place spelled uineta, corrected by the copyist to iuḿta (abbreviation of iumenta or iumneta). Younger copies use Jumneta in the text, yet in the header of the respective chapter all copies use Vinneta.About 1170, the Nordic Knytlinga saga reported a siege of Jomsborg by the Dano-Norwegian king Magnus (1043) and a campaign against that place by the Danish king Valdemar I (1170).About 1190, Saxo Grammaticus reported the same campaign (1170) and Harald Bluetooth's earlier stay there, but called the place Julin[um].

Local geográfico

Vineta recife fora de Koserow / Damerow

Algumas variantes do mito têm Vineta afundado em Koserow (na Ilha de Usado). O historiador Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch de Swinemünde (Świnoujście) fez desta e outras observações a base de sua tese da localização de Vineta. Segundo Gadebusch, Wolin não tinha o porto de águas profundas que Vineta deveria ter tido e, assim, descartou a tese de Wolin (veja abaixo). David Chyträus, em seu século XVI, Chrononiae tinha Vineta "além do rio Peene, perto da vila de Damerow [de]", que era um vorwerk de Koserow. Para Chyträus, usado era a terra dos vinetanos, enquanto Julin, na ilha vizinha de Wolin, era habitada por pomoranos. Como não foram encontrados traços de assentamento eslavo no noroeste de uso, essa tese não é mais aceita.

Ruden

Vários mapas publicados entre 1633 e 1700 têm a superfície "wineta" a leste da ilha de Ruden, a noroeste de Usado. Por volta de 1700, Bernhard Walther Marperger [DE] o relatou no mesmo local. A origem desta tese é a inundação de todos os santos de 1306 que reduziu Ruden e outras pequenas ilhas de uma massa terrestre muito maior que antes da inundação existia entre Mönchgut e usada.

Wolin

Rudolf Virchow disse: "Vineta é Wollin!" Com base nas fontes primárias descritas acima, Adolf Hofmeister [DE] em 1931/32 formulou a tese de que Vineta, Jumne, Julin, Jomsborg etc. são todos diferentes grafias usadas para o mesmo lugar no local da cidade de Wolin de hoje. A partir da década de 1930 e continuou após a anexação de Wolin à Polônia após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, os arqueólogos desenterraram os restos de um grande assentamento lá. A tese de Hofmeister é a única tese principal sobre a localização de Vineta na historiografia de hoje.

Barth

Uma tese formulada por Goldmann e Wermusch colocou Vineta perto de Barth, apontando para um curso possivelmente diferente do oder na Idade Média e uma leitura criativa das fontes primárias descritas acima.

Na cultura popular

Poemas e música

Vineta. poem by Wilhelm Müller (1794-1827), in Muscheln von der Insel Rügen (1825)Intonation by Johannes Brahms for Chor a cappella in six voices, op. 42 Nr. 2 (1860)Intonation by Achim Reichel, for the album Wilder Wassermann (2002)Seegespenst. Poem by Heinrich Heine (1797-1856), in Die Nordsee. 1. Abteilung (1826)Two texts by Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810-1876): Poem Meerfahrt (1838); Wilhelm Müller. Eine Geisterstimme (1872)Vineta-Glocken. Valse boston (1920er Jahre) by John Lindsay-Theimer [de] (Pseudonym of the Carynthian Johann Theimer)Vineta (1994). Concert piece and suite for Zither solo by Peter KiesewetterVineta (2001). Sinfonical poem by Urs Joseph Flury [de]Vineta. Song of the band Puhdys (Puhdys 1, 4. Titel)Vineta. Song by Michael HeckVineta. Song from the De Plattfööt album Ierst mol ganz langsamVineta. Planned 3. volume of the long poem Nautilus by Uwe TellkampVineta. poetry collection by Uwe Kolbe [de], 1998„Vineta“, Song by Josef Seiler (text) and Ignaz Heim [de] (music)„Vineta“ (2011). Song of the band Transit (Band) [de] (album „Übers Meer“, title 6)

Peças, festivais e ópera

Vineta (1863). Opera by Jan Nepomuk Škroup. First 1870 in Prague (Vineta; Czech)Vineta. Schauspiel. In: Zu spät. Vier Einakter (1902) by Marie Eugenie delle Grazie.Vineta. Die versunkene Stadt (1937). Play by Jura SoyferVineta (1960–67). Opera by Rudolf Mors(text und music). First 1968 in BielefeldVineta-Festspiele (since 1997). Open air theater festival of the Vorpommersche Landesbühne Anklam [de] in Ostseebühne ZinnowitzRepublik Vineta (2000). Play by Moritz Rinke [de]Vineta (Oderwassersucht). Play by Armin Petras [de] (under the pseudonym Fritz Kater). First 2001 in Leipzig

Na literatura prosaica

Elisabeth Bürstenbinder (pen name E. Werner): Vineta. Novel (1877)Theodor Fontane: Effi Briest. Novel (1895; c. 17: alluding Heinrich Heine's Seegespenst)Selma Lagerlöf: The Wonderful Adventures of Nils. Novel (1906/07; contains a retelling of the myth)Oskar Loerke: Vineta. Essay(1907)Hans Albrecht Moser [de]: Vineta. Ein Gegenwartsroman aus künftiger Sicht (1955)Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, Zygmunt Szatkowski: Troja północy (Troy of North), Pax (1960)Günter Grass: Der Butt. Novel (1977); Die Rättin. Novel (1986)Lawrence Norfolk: The Pope's Rhinoceros. Novel (1996)Heinz-Jürgen Zierke [de]: Das Mädchen aus Vineta. Essay (2000; tells the story of an unsuccessful attempt to deliver Vineta from its curse.)Uwe Tellkamp: Der Schlaf in den Uhren [de]. Essay (2004; draws parallels between Dresden and Vineta)Charlotte Lyne [de]: Die Glocken von Vineta. Novel (2007)Toni Glenn: Mappa Ordica, Adventure/Novel (2008)Oleg Alexandrowitsch Jurjew [de] / (Oleg Yuriev): Винета. Novel (2007, Russian) / Die russische Fracht. Novel (2009, German translation)Benno Beginn [de]: Vinetas Träume fliegen, Historical fantasy novel, Otto-Johann-Verlag, Lubmin 2009Rolf Kahl: Rauher Wind am Birkhuhnsee, contains a travel to JumneIlse Helbich [de]: Vineta, Literaturverlag Droschl 2013, ISBN 9783854208457

Filmes

The Wonderful Adventures of Nils. anime (1980): Episode 15 – Die versunkene StadtVineta (Film) [de] (2006) by Franziska Stünkel [de], with Peter Lohmeyer

Série de TV

Küstenwache (ZDF), 21. Dezember 2011: „Der Fluch von Vineta“.

Jogos de tabuleiro

Vineta

Nomes de lugares

In Berlin there is a Vineta Street (Vinetastraße) and a U-Bahn station.In Berlin there is also a Vineta square (Vinetaplatz) in Wedding, next to Swinemünder Straße and Wolliner Straße.The German Empire's navy had the vessels Vineta (Vineta of 1863, Vineta of 1897, Vineta of 1915, and SMS Möwe, briefly renamed Vineta in 1915)In 1903 a square in the center of Gaarden-Ost [de], Kiel was named Vinetaplatz after SMS Vineta I.The (West) German navy from 1961 to 1992 had a mine sweeper „Vineta“ (M2652, Ariadne-class) in 3. Minensuchgeschwader.An artwork installation in Störmthaler See [de] near Leipzig is called „Vineta.“A rare German Empire stamp is called "Vineta provisional".In Swakopmund, Namibia, there is a neighborhood Vineta.In Heidelberg there is a student fraternity "Vineta" since 1879.In Schleswig-Holstein there is a sports club named TSV Vineta Audorf.In Schleswig Holstein (Busdorf) there is a club called Disco-Vineta.In Europa-Park Rust (Baden), in the themed land 'Scandinavia' there was an attraction 'Sunken city "Vineta"'. It was destroyed in a fire in 2018 and may never be rebuilt.

Veja também

Vinetabank [de]

Bibliografia

Adolf Hofmeister [de]: "Vineta," die quellenkritische Lösung eines vielberufenen Problems, in Forschungen und Fortschritte, vol. 8 (1932), pp. 341–343.Carl Friedrich von Rumohr: Über das Verhältnis der seit lange gewöhnlichen Vorstellungen of einer prachtvollen Wineta zu unsrer positiven Kenntniß der Kultur und Kunst der deutschen Ostseeslaven. In: Sammlung für Kunst und Historie. Perthes & Besser, Hamburg, Erster Band Erstes Heft. 1816. Digitalisat der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek- Staats- und UniversitätsbibliothekErich Rackwitz [de]: Geheimnis um Vineta. Legende und Wirklichkeit einer versunkenen Stadt. Der Kinderbuchverlag Berlin, 4. Auflage 1969.Ingrid Lange, P. Werner Lange: Vineta, Atlantis des Nordens. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-332-00197-3Klaus Goldmann [de], Günter Wermusch [de]: Vineta. Die Wiederentdeckung einer versunkenen Stadt. Bergisch Gladbach 1999.Franz Wegener: Neu-Vineta. Die Rassesiedlungspläne der Ariosophen für die Halbinseln Darß und Zingst. KFVR 2010, ISBN 978-3-931300-26-5Günter Wermusch [de], Das Vineta Rätsel. Boddin 2011. ISBN 978-3-933274-80-9.Albert Burkhardt von Hinstorff, Vineta. Sagen und Märchen vom Ostseestrand

Leitura adicional

The Baltic Sea : New Developments in National Politics and International Cooperation, 1997, edited by Renate Platzöder, Philomène A. Verlaan, 1997, ISBN 978-90-411-0357-4. See: Part I, Chapter 1 by John P. Craven, "Legend, History and Modern Times".